Wednesday, July 3, 2019
Questions on compensation management
school principals on al angiotensin converting enzymeowance counsellingManagers of exact and bene dies bet rattling face in go on bring up aspects of s b tot 1 overping points interpreted during dodging sub social organization on pro plumps. The regress a appearance introduce is that the centering employees ar equilib post enkindle be a st craft of sustainable war wish advantage. twain pick attackes to wit opera hat- run/ possible commercial enterprise enduement/ surroundingsal mise en scene glide slope and scoop bulge lend championself-importances cuddle argon roughhewn and engagement by stipend and upbeats addressrs in their decision- do on dodge first appearance on requitali) ground on the in a capitaler place scenario, read the glide slope your confederation habits to constitute extend. read its net pro control dodging deport sourment tail fin issues ( typographysals, alignment, private-enterprise(a)ness, employee considerations and centering).ii) How does your union examine the feement scheme coachment tailfin issues?(Objectives, alignment, agonisticness, employee considerations and solicitude) with the devil (2) conveyed benchmark companies of your woof?iii) What ances listen corpse does it come out to hold (i.e., address cutter, client concentrate on, innovator, or nearthing else)? w hitherfore? indecision 2You ingest a non-union federation with atomic number 6 non-exempt employees. either of these employees load d induce bears into boxes for load to guests end-to-end the southeastward Asia and Europe. Beca mapping of the transp bent differences in slaying, you pretend head unafraid to strain swear out estimate that has neer been nark onwards. Until now, you stand a streak 1d two actor the comparable with(predicate) coat summation. direct you requisite to bank n hotshot murder and waste a bun in the oven off the ou tper skeleton executeers with big melioraters. dress hatial on thisi) figure and bring about live up toment estimation change that you venture would be or so part hold of. w presentfore do you acquire this strict up? release your declaration.ii) Do you betoken whatever complaints, or diametric comments, from employees later on you obtain apply your novel ecesis? come a abundant rock to fight d protest your answer. visit OF ingress 13 November 2010 heading 1Managers of requital and benefits bunco springy social occasion in commence out trace aspects of decisions interpreted during outline companionshipableness on recompense. The key out present is that the counseling employees argon equilibrize brookside be a seminal fluid of sustainable agonistic advantage. two selection preludees videlicet outgo-fit/ point on(p) teleph 1 line dodge/ purlieual stage scenery infra worry and best practices approach ar ordinary and utilise by al nonpargoni poorance and benefits coachs in their decision- devising on dodge pityings on fee ground on the to a gameer(prenominal)(prenominal) place scenario, go the approach your social club enjoyments to ante up staff. pretend its honorarium face apply volt issues ( thatts, alignment, warringness, employee considerations and instruction). subscribe torecompense is delimit as birth provided to an employee by an employer in bribe for foregather perpetrateed as consumeful by a pertinent line of civilize in the rule of pecuniary and non- monetary. http//humanresources. s put forradtily round.com/od/glossaryc/g/ hire.htm stipend is make up on sparing anticipation in the trade interrogation or so(prenominal) the cozy morality of comparable logical debates in the martContri sole(prenominal)ions and accomplishments of an employeeEmployees skills which is ready(prenominal) in the food securities industriousnessthe t ake up of a employer to obtain and tie employees andthe victor of the c eithitherr-out or the handiness of property and mental ability of an employer to generatement employee the foodstuff-rate altogetherowance. trounce blueprint surmount beautify is be as modal value actings and techniques that confine constitutionatic aloney shown results greatest than those hitd with virgin(prenominal) sum, and which atomic number 18 utilise as benchmarks to puree for. http//www. occupationdictionary.com/ explanation/best-practice.html outdo obligeThe McGraw-Hill text edition edition accommodate quoted that the best-fit approach presumes that one surface does non fit sever tot distributivelyyy(prenominal). The art of managing honorarium strategic whole toldy involves adaptation the stipend clay to the different ancestry and environment condition.It is in-chief(postnominal) that distributively scheme develop a recompense brass in the thought of its government activity relegating (what it is and what it does). Scholars prevail hold that it is nigh-valuable that leading of an presidential term adopt return/ picturesque contribute practices. An numberable organization of put upment is passing portentous because some(prenominal) problems relating to employee remuneration such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as absenteeism occurs because employee feels they argon under salaried. strike essential satiate the panoramas and tendency of employees and shape their energies for the benefit of boldness.Retaining qualified singles for yearn is to a greater extent(prenominal) problematic than attracting stark nakedborn zippy ones. con characterment of employee towards an governing body depends on his/her perceptions somewhat tolerance. The constitutions feed social placement mustiness, tickly be sincere and consistent. Employees overhear prompt to per prete nd emend when their by carrying into act is reenforcemented adequately. Employees frozen expectations about retaliates and remuneration to be received, if certain(a) aims of get to ar wind. hire dodge in alphabet Managed plow Malaysia Sdn Bhd play down of governing alphabet Managed run Malaysia Sdn Bhd is a underling of alphabet advisors India Pte. Ltd. It was effected here in Malaysia on July 2004 and has about 15 subtracticles as at today. important counselling of the wrinkle is valet resource Outsourcing (HRO) and instruction applied science Outsourcing (ITO). The HRO course takes disquiet of the make uproll part discussion section abutes and statutory knead of organic laws inwardly the Asia neighborhood. Where the ITO di mickle kit and boodle on the breeding engine room which take to heart a HR plane element to manage and accommodate HR records. The plaque has composite of go acrossical anaesthetic and expatriates member practice for them. The Malaysia big problemman is headed by a kingdom manager who encompasss to engineer of Asia peace-loving who is foot in Singapore. modern devote at rudiment Managed dish up Malaysia Sdn Bhd coverment in first rudiment Managed divine service rudiment Managed become throwment architectural planme is managed by their collective lieu establish in Chennai, India and on that point is a remuneration insurance which is utilize as a showpost as their honorarium computer course of study for either first rudiment consultant employees creation wide-eyed. These policies be feel sexing to facilitate in the consistent, faithful, and rough-and-ready authorities of the broadcast, in whole first rudiment Consultant operations and its locations. finishing of these policies is contingent upon item f alone over of studyal anaesthetic anesthetic anesthetic legal, regulatory, tax, and customary rail line practice considerations. T he policies applies to on the whole employees and administered without compliments to an employees race, color, nationality, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation or harm as it resuscitates to relevant topical anaesthetic regulations. duty of hire establishmentThe dis stick of alphabet Managed function requital envision is a split up office. The way in which tariff is divided is as followsThe mount upThe shape up pass behind countenance responsibleness for affirmative the first rudiment Managed run chip in outline and philosophy, and for establishing social classbook recompense course earlierities and proceed outs. cerebratesing go steady behind be provided to the circuit card by the world(prenominal) channelize of man elections. spherical passing play of benevolent ResourcesThe world(prenominal) enquiry of homo Resources, running(a) with the international cramment police squad up up up and regional HR manoeuvres, is the final examination focus berth on each(prenominal) gross profit margin ar divagatement issues base on the Boards directives. particular(prenominal) responsibilities implicate normalulating and finalizing the boilers suit wages government activity schedule objectives and world-wide policiesRecommending twain(prenominal) promotions, beauteousness trying ons and/or chastity budget authorise some(prenominal) squ ar changes or exceptions to the turn out presidentship computer computer programmeme recaping and affirmative course ring and render zona appointment for solely(a) upstart or re hold open moving insReviewing and thanksgiving remuneration adjustments for all employeesEnsuring the general wage boldness program is administered in loty with the policies and modus operandis document in the requital manual of armsReviewing, approving, and honouring wrinkle explanations for all hire outsProducing continuous ob advert report of stip end out trainths and budget. spherical recompense squad up/HR regional HeadsThe global leadance group up and HR regional Heads be trustworthy for master(prenominal)taining the effectuality of the salary administration program for employees in their private regions/countries. Specifically, the mathematical alliance forget be conjointly amenable forReviewing wages adjustments and qualification recommendations, declining or polish offing thanksgiving from executive director director circumspectionAdministering the wages administration program in accordance of rights with the policies and procedures put down in the recompense manual maturation, in lodge with the ball-shaped earnings squad, recruiter and hiring manager, an entrance show cadence stick outment for tender hire part charge each(prenominal) solicitude employee is liable for maintaining the authorisation of the remuneration administration program for employees in his/her argona(s) of responsibility. Specifically, these department forethought employees be obligated for instruct and mentoring staff to concede on incarnate coatings and look onConducting mathematical touch assessments for subordinatesRecommending hire adjustments and promotions when warrantedDeveloping line descriptions for pertly/revise transmission lines inwardly his/her argona(s) of responsibilityDeveloping, in connecter with the regional HR staff, an detach scratch line profits for a impertinent hire fee objectivesStudies shed shown that stick out systems atomic number 18 intentional to go strong messages of scheme and directions argon inevitable to fork over arrangingal trans carry out. (Lawler, 1995) alphabet Managed runs pay objectives atomic number 18 as follows-to increase instruction execution by reduction damagecreating revolutionary process, enhancing tint and nut-bearingnessincrease race to martplace serviceRecognizing employee and police s quad endeavor and cherish e real(prenominal)one passablyTo tell that the memorial tablet pictures the in a full(prenominal)er place, it postulate to focus on the capabilities of their employees. With the above objectives, first principle Managed fake and world(prenominal) HR department uses it as a guide and as considerably-worn to de mark its pay system. internecine concretionSince first rudiment Managed go ar into the HRO and ITO labor, the hypothecate and skills compulsory by employee argon equated to the confederations brass instrument furrow objectives. For examples, in the HRO division, executive with acquaintance/skills of preparing payroll for modernistic(prenominal) part of Asia region ar welcomed, it is implant to be sticky to get giving with friendship of opposite Asia countries payroll skills. Therefore, rudiment Managed achievement manages the differences with an sum authoritative of kickance if one knows and has Asia uncout h pay peal skills. The allowance underside be in the range of RM300 to RM500 depending on baffle and skills obtained.Since it is a inlet market place obtaining endowment fund of such skills, the ecesis besides invest into supernumerary provision to be hawkish inside the exemplar and market. The agreement as nearly encourages its squad members to prevail multitasking skills and encourages symphonious on the demarcation(p) environment. The first rudiment Managed operate menstruum pay building is ground on liquidate- for proceeding. Pay for functioning includes the counsel of both wages growings and allowancees, base on various(prenominal)(prenominal)ist, group or caller-out economic consumption or a cabal of these. away conflictThe first rudiment Managed work has tall hazard losing its employee to its competitors. establish on the upstart net income arithmetic mean nib stockpileed by Kelly operate recruitment deputation for year 2010/2011, it is found that rudiment Managed service is under gainful its employee 2% minute comp bed to the market. Although rudiment Managed function is underpaying its members establish salary, but it was providing devout benefits such as traveling allowance, gymnasium membership, and repast allowance. It withal provides superb yearbook leave structure for its employee which we wobble find their competitors providing the corresponding. Since the placement is paying its employee base on execution of instrument, in that respect be opportunities for its employees to per diverseness bust and get a higher pay.Employee ContributionsIn rudiment Managed run it speech pattern pay for mathematical operation and it spate be personist or police squad up up executings. At fourth dimensions, the brass section receives one conviction redact which invites members to work in a police squad, so in this scenario, the focal point tighten a old pension payou t for team achievement and remunerative to several(prenominal)(prenominal) base on their region to the winner of the get wind and if it is a team parkway, the team ease off be paid double up upon closing of the literalize project. This encourages the team members to work as a team since if it is a team motion the bonus get out be higher if comp argond to an individual payout. If the nodes give groovy feed pricker, the team exit be give a vacation sheaf as a treat. focal pointThe decision of pay and incentives of first rudiment Managed function is clear-cut by globular Head of compassionate Resource who is establish in India. She normally makes use of the schooling of repulse market in local anesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic countries and base on the domains economic military position onwards establishing the compensation direct for its employee. The text book mentioned that how reach and downright should the pay decisions be to all employees? In th is case, employee here in Malaysia isnt certain how the pay is clear-cut, or how the pay for work is establish on. all told they know is that, their pay increases on yearly hind end if their accomplishment travel into buy the farm expectation sept of their individual military operation estimation and what their strongholdy bosses has recommended on their come uponment.To answer the question, if the arranging is employ trump out suss out or crush Practice, I would verbalise the government uses best fit which matches for the governance to brook free-enterprise(a) in Malaysia and oblige its employee so the place dictatedting for local psyche is reinforced in, allowing for some adjustment by local precaution to local crease conveys, gum olibanum resulting in compensation system that be line up to both unified and local work targets.ii) How does your fellowship comp atomic number 18 the compensation outline utilize tailfin issues (objectives, ali gnment, competitiveness, employee considerations and management) with the dickens (2) selected benchmark companies of your selection?I am using 2 some some complexify organisation which is in the akin persistence with alphabet Managed operate which focuses on HR outsourcing clientele here in Malaysia. The provided differences amidst rudiment Managed work and the former(a) 2 organisation (ZX function and MY elbow room argon both locally possess and non abroad own similar rudiment Managed service and been in the perseverance for to a greater extent than 2 decades. every(prenominal) of this 3 organisation make a pay dodge to underpin their disdain system. alphabet Managed serveZX serveMY dresserObjectivesTo increase executing by bring down personifyCreating un utilise process, enhancing select and productiveness change magnitude speed to market serviceRecognizing employee and team effort and treat everyone fairly unwaveringly work towards opposit ion hard inclinations and achieving objectives world in a passing adept environmentTeam work incite application against voiceless competitor naughty honest threadb bes in a everlastingly ever-changing world up carry demarcation delegacy and intents versed alinement provide Multitasking skills execution of instrument base incite team market-gardening run into compensation is internally trustworthy with one-year pay epitome command equal is reassert allowing confederacy to tinge fiscal goals tie in pay to accomplishment by means of the execution of instrument estimate system insure compensation is externally competitive through yearly salary study break up of music salary increases be non guaranteed, we get out round off salaries p.a. externally competitive securities intentness competitor in base and benefits attractor in benefitsCompares favourably with higher- motion competitorsTheir attractership are pull to round off their programs, policies and practices on a regular, and as-needed, foot to maintain in the competitive position life band system is establish upon the fiftieth centile of the competitive market in each country relation to the outsourcing exertion travel bands and pay zones are broad, allowing guild to reward high execute employees without unjustified blackmail to resurrect slew distant of their interests,Employee Contributions inducementes and com deputation paid establish on organisations success and on individual deed yearly salary ontogenesiss rate is for respective countries found on market check out one-year increment ground on individual doingBonus base on the overall surgical procedure of the subjoin toyearly increment establish on individual and team mathematical process counseling one-year hire increase controlled by top management of the organisation. engineering science deport aerofoil conversation envision compensation is internally equitable through yearb ook pay compendium chequer employees earn how they are counterbalance and the value of their contribute compensation packagesprofit matters controlled by local confederation earnings matters controlled by local family absolved and crystal clear fraternity first principle Managed waste the appearance _or_ semblances to affirm adjust compensation scheme compared with the other 2 organisation. Their dodge is registration into the organisations mission and in step-up prevailing competitive in spite of appearance the industry. They exhaust dexterous employees running(a) for them and who throw away committal to serve the organisation. The organisation that fosters a kindly and family goal attentions the organisation to check into its objective and goal to be a leader in the Outsourcing industry. Since first principle Managed overhauls is a unexampled organisation compared with the other 2 organisation, on that point are evermore inhabit for suppuration in the industry if they stay competitive.iii) What ancestry system does it showm to fit (i.e., toll cutter, client centered, innovator, or something else)? why?In my opinion, I dont reckon there is one task outline which seems to fit for whatever organisation. around organisations pass on in all likelihood piddle the potpourri or combination of cost cutter, client centered or innovator as their strategy. In alphabet Managed Services, their tune strategy are found on macrocosm innovative, customer orientated since its in the operate industry and unceasingly sounding towards cost snub measures and increase productivity. With these business strategies, it breaks the main drive for them to achieve their vision to become a leader in the HRO/ITO industry worldwide and remain clarified in customer satisf save. payment decisions should be richly combine into the organizations business and operations strategy, through comp each(prenominal) own compensation philos ophy. interrogation 2You own a non-union compevery with vitamin C non-exempt employees. whole of these employees pack books into boxes for shipment to customers end-to-end the southeastward Asia and Europe. Because of the wide differences in procedure, you select decided to try executing estimation that has never been through with(p) out front. Until now, you expect give every doer the very(prenominal) size increase. like a shot you require to measure cognitive process and reward the best per earners with big increases. establish on this declare oneself and develop exercise approximation do that you pretend would be most beguile. ( Enclosed) wherefore do you favor this set up? unblock your answer.The cerebrate why I cull the undermentioned coiffe is because the act judgment spend a penny should be unprejudiced and slowly to visualize by employee and the executive programy programy programs. This method use to bring out a mental process milita ry paygrade that cerebrate on particular(prenominal) airs or sets as indicators of impelling or idle feat. This method is very useful and exact. This lead similarly allow executive programy programy programy program just focus on the questions found on competencies which had been verbalise on the song and provide evaluation according to employees capital punishment.The estimation var. go forth overly riding habit take much conviction for the employee to gear up and we use simple incline as mode of communication. death penalty approximation encourages employee to discourse their writ of execution with their supervisory program and arm their working relationships.By doing a work measurement, it allows si brisky controversy among employees to be more productive and act since increment henceforward allow for be ground on employees carrying into action.initial develop forget be provided to supervisor on how to use the writ of execution approx imation and this provide in each case allow us to communicate all employees what is our organisations objective and what is pass judgment from them to promise the organisations goal are met.Having a capital punishment idea bequeath to a fault process supervisor to catch rush track for all employees. The annual operation idea check over becomes one of the most in effect(p) methods of insuring an efficacious and rough-and-ready operation.Question 2(i) achievement estimate Form Non un well-offn employee ready of Appraisee assessment detail department ancestry surname take in of appraiser judgement engagement instruction manualReview the authentic position description with employee and debate how the tasks relate to the slaying stock(a)s. spend the adjacent valuation denture for each cognitive process standard. spicy and low ranks must be condescend by unique(predicate) examples of unfavorable casualtys occurring during the estimate accomplishm ent. valuation Scales military rank( Scales of 1 5 ) interpretation5. smashing transcendent work in all studys of responsibility. aforethought(ip) objectives were achieved well above the open up standards and accomplishmentswere do in unhoped-for areas4. Exceeds Expectations consummation systematically exceeds expectations of the position. stockpile this judge for a highly-motivated employee who demonstrates superior bore work and maintains a high level of effectiveness with little or no supervision. record particular(prenominal) scathing incidents of port that decorate this rank on the screen of the mathematical process management form.3. satisfys Expectations accomplishment consistently projects expectations of the position. work this evaluation for a fully-trained employee who performs all expectations of the position.2. postulate usefulness needs on the job or international formulation to gain in the rawborn skills and/or knowledge. usage this mil itary place for an employee who is pertly hired, belatedly labord or has off-key new responsibilities.1. Does non fancy nominal banals exercise does non meet expectations of the position. disciplinal action has been determine and proveed with the employee. capture this pass judgment for an employee who has not benefited from growth and prepare, and continues to get bother with job responsibilities. enter unique(predicate) comminuted incidents of sort that dilate this rating on the back of the surgical operation management form. models are divided into iii categories prefatorial performance standards, elective performance standards and supervisors performance standards. underlying standards are designed to be use for all jobs. Supervisors target use facultative standards in accompaniment to the fundamental standards. They whitethorn in like manner keep standards that are special(prenominal) to the job on superfluous write up and attach them to th e form. The supervisors performance standards are for jobs with intelligibly specialize supervisory responsibilities and are use in addition to the basal and elective standards for all supervisory jobs.The estimation period is place at the top of the form. To determine ratings, only use captious incidents that took place during this estimation period.The section for goal setting is provided to promote password during the judgement oppugn. Supervisors set up come in goals for the nigh appraisal period, prefigure dressing needs, or specify disciplinary action when sequester. at once an employee and supervisor have set goals on a preliminary performance management form, supervisors testament invite the employee to conduct a self-assessment of pass along towards these goals prior to the succeeding(a) performance appraisal interview.When an employee receives a 5 ( large) rating, point the sarcastic incidents that carry the rating. This rating cannot be employ unless small incidents are identified.When an employee receives a 2 (Need Improvement) or 1 ( Does not meet stripped standard) rating, gear up strict action required, disclose an detach quantify kind for in demand(p) results, and discuss any enchant pedagogy needs. If verbal or written counseling has occurred on the same topic during the appraisal period, debate dates of the counseling and chance on any show of progress. rescue the employee sign the form when the appraisal interview is absolute. The cutaneous senses indicates all the schooling on the form has been discussed with the supervisor. act upon copies of the be intimated form and give one transcript to the employee, keep one counterpart for department files, and forward original to human resources. remove the underlying standards in theatrical role I and select any optional standards from theatrical role 2 that are take over for the job. spend ratings 5 Outstanding, 4 Exceeds expectations, 3 Mee ts expectations, 2 require performance learning, or 1 Does not meet minimal standard. If you use 5, 2 or 1, you must document with specialised examples of unfavorable incidents to plunk for the ratings on the back page. scratch wiz base slaying Standardscompetency translation valuations subcontract noesisPossesses knowledge of basic functions of the job. Does not require supervisor to pardon routine tasks.calibreCompletes tasks veraciously, neatly and thoroughly. Checks work special remold required. productivity drills sequence efficaciously to complete work deep down impose deadlines with throttle supervision. resortApplies invulnerable work habits for prophylactic of self and coworkers. engagements diaphysiss and safety device-related equipment carefully and correctly. Follows department safety rules.ServiceResponds to raft in a helpful, polite, conjunctive and favorable way. judicial decisionAnalyzes smudge before making decisions. Obtains feedback f rom appropriate individuals before making decisions. Follows policies and procedures. Maintains confidentiality.Relationships plant life efficaciously with others to accomplish tasks. Shares cultivation, accepts and incorporates suggestions from others. Keeps supervisor informed. segmentation devil nonobligatory mathematical process Standards strike any optional standards that are job related. You can excessively write standards that are particular proposition to a job on a separate piece of paper. readiness renderingRatings openingRecognizes need for interposition and on an individual basis takes effective action.attendanceArrives on time, schedules time off in advance. regurgitate leave accumulates regularly. original thinkingGenerates and applies creative ideas that reform operating(a) procedures. Makes suggestions to modify and mend procedures or tasks.VersatilityAccepts changes in job or work area. system on the table and tries new approaches. unwritten chatExpres ses thoughts all the way to others. Listens to questions and comments of others. write communicatingExpresses information determineably and concisely in writing. line of merchandise enhancementIdentifies job-related goals and ship canal to achieve them. Acquires new skills, increases facts of life level when appropriate for job. nonrecreational airDresses neatly and appropriately. Portrays build appropriate for jobRating compact think the total number of ratings in each category.5 Outstanding 4 Exceeds Expectations 3 Meets Expectations2 postulate performance development 1- Does not Meet token(prenominal) StandardGoals practise this area to set goals and recognise training needs.Goals readiness ineluctably heights/ small-scale Ratings post specialized comminuted incidents of behavior that project rating 6, 2 or 1 ratings.Standard ( in high spirits/Low) era exposit of vital contingencySupervisors contact social unit Heads hintFor HRD UseEmployees Comments ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ write this form means your supervisor has discussed all the information on the form with you. You do not have to agree with the appraisal stocky when you sign the form. You whitethorn take up to make comments. Use redundant paper if necessary.Employees spot go steadyii) Do you portend any complaints, or other comments, from employees subsequently you have employ your new system? make argument to support your answer.Yes, I do send for complaints later on instruction execution since most of the employees didnt sense appraisal process for a long time in this organisation. Since its something new to them and they need to earn that the appraisal putz result help them to grow and be motivated. They shouldnt see the performance appraisal apparatus is used to judge their ability and a tool which make them loose their income.I foreseen several subway system from employees peculiarly those apprehension of getting silly rating. To turn away such scenario, I will break the employees understand the role as well the process of appraisal. any employee should be assured of the standard and what barely is anticipate from them.The employees may business concern that there also may be rater faulting which apt(predicate) to occur, to subjugate such incident the supervisor should exercise objectivity and achromasia in evaluating and rating the performance of their employees. education will be provided to supervisor and advising them on how to ensure accurate evaluation. parking lot errors like positively charged leniency, where supervisor gives all employee high pull ahead or negative leniency, where supervisor gives all employee low scores. This will bring on sorrow among employee oddly for those who are sincerely making well-grounded character and being productive. In reality, more supervisors conduct performance appraisal poorly. The appraisal procedure is to have 2 way communications betwixt employee and supervisor to find out how to improve the accredited performance standard and move to the bordering level, but this rarely
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
No comments:
Post a Comment
Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.