Strategies Essay Example

Systems Essay There are numerous systems that help advance changes however it is hard to go over procedures that take a shot at a long haul and perpetual premise. Kotter’s methodology in regards to the 8-phase process for authoritative change works because of its simplicity in reasonability and unmistakably characterized objectives. The primary stage entitled, â€Å"establishing a feeling of urgency† identifies with looking at the market and what might work best just as analyzing the emergency also. This guarantees there are less mishaps after a cautious assessment of the circumstance subsequently conveying a positive culture in the condition of progress. The second and third stage entitled, â€Å"creating the directing location† and â€Å"developing a dream strategy† help in explaining the goals and a group is assembled for a total exertion. The fourth and fifth stage entitled, â€Å"communicating the change in vision† and â€Å"empowering wide based actionsâ⠂¬  generally identify with instigating constructive outcomes in the association by helping the group comprehend the substance of progress and its need. The 6th stage entitled, â€Å"generating present moment wins† really energizes the group towards remunerations of any achievement that the association may accomplish through the change that has been consolidated by the association. The seventh stage entitled, â€Å"consolidating gains and creating more change† is planned for employing faculty who can viably work with the change in this way making the points of the hierarchical change perpetual and further reviving the procedure with the new ventures. The last stage entitled, â€Å"anchoring new methodologies in the culture† primarily targets supporting the adjustments in the association by following up on all the above stages in this manner improving the authority advancement and progression on the loose. Subsequently, Kotter’s eight-phase process instigates a constructive outcome on the authoritative change along these lines helping the association accomplish its objectives. We will compose a custom article test on Strategies explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Strategies explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Strategies explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer REFERENCE: Mackinnon, Lauchlan A. K. (2007). Book Review: John Kotter on Change Management. Recovered online on the tenth of July, 2007 at http://lauchlanmackinnon.blogspot.com/2007/06/book-audit john-kotter-on-change.html

Computer supported collaborative learning Literature review

PC upheld community learning - Literature survey Example The rise of new advances in the 21st century is driving instructive organizations to turn out to be new examples of realizing where PCs can assume imperative jobs. So as to adapt to the cutting edge world prerequisites Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) frameworks focus on refining, encouraging and joining the learning procedure with the help of collective accomplices (Kobbe et al, 2007). CSCL has now become a fundamental part of the learning condition. CSCL could be characterized as a framework promising advancements and apparatuses for rebuilding instructing learning procedures to get ready understudies for the rising information society (Stahl et al, 2006, p409). CSCL has mean to improving the way toward educating and learning using present day correspondence innovation. CSCL is an instructional innovation that urges understudies to learn together and mutually take care of issues. It is something contrary to the customary idea of realizing where students are lone collectors of information. CSCL guarantees that understudies are learning in a vivacious, invigorating and socially advanced system (Nelson and Ketelhut, 2008). CSCL innovation centers around collective learning support, to improve peer collaboration and working in gatherings; to encourage sharing and dispersing information and ability among network individuals. CSCL address the issues of idea learning, critical thinking and structuring (Ioannidou et al., 2010). The framework capacities to convey thoughts and data as well as attempts to confer input on critical thinking exercises. The innovation depends on the conviction that PC bolstered frameworks can successfully work to accomplish targets which may not be conceivable in eye to eye correspondence. CSCL focuses on refining and fusing the learning procedure of cooperative accomplices in an innovation based condition. It permits understudies to

Strategies for Learning from Failure

Strategies for Learning from Failure WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO FAIL?Failure: 1) Lack of success or 2)  the neglect or omission of expected or required actionThis article will mostly focus on failures in the primary meaning of the word and the ways in which one can learn from failures, hence, profit from the lack of success.Success and failure go hand in hand and this applies to all aspects of life.Ask any successful person and they will surely tell you that their failures in fact proved to be a big part of their success and how they got there.One cannot know everything immediately, things need to be learned and learning involves making mistakes.And let’s say you already mastered the theory, practice still makes perfect. You can hardly reach great successes, be it in sports, arts or science, without any practice.Once again, practicing and doing almost always involves making mistakes. Many mistakes!Finally, remarkable success cannot be achieved by doing what everybody else is doing, you need to play innovative. Look at Steve Jobs or Bill Gates.They both dropped out of college to then engage in extremely innovative projects and achieve gigantic success. They did something completely revolutionary and did not allow fear of failure or actual failures, stop them on their paths.Being innovative means experimenting which ultimately, almost inevitably, includes mistakes and, hence, failures.So why is it that people fear and despise failures so much?Why do we have such troubles accepting the fact we failed, move on, learn from that experience and try again?WHY ARE FAILURES SO DIFFICULT TO DEAL WITH?Well, my first (very basic) answer to this question is that failure does not feel good.To fail means not to succeed, hence, it means to miss out on the feeling of success, victory, pride and self-worth.Being aware of the fact we are missing out on these positive feelings already suffices to feel miserable.And humans, imperfect as we are, have a tendency towards avoiding negative emotions, unpleasant experiences and anything that may hurt.The second answer can be found in the correlation between failure and fault.To fail does not only mean to not succeed but it also involves a presumption one has done something wrong.In many households, schools, companies and systems, to accept and admit failure still means to accept and admit the blame for it. And in such blame oriented environment, it takes a lot more effort to continue perceiving failures as learning opportunities.The third reason lies in the extremely general idea of failures.We tend to look at all failures from the same perspective: We did something wrong, we failed to succeed, full stop.And so many people still hold on to this superficial perception regardless of it being genuinely wrong. There are a lot of diverse ways in which one can fail and it is important to take a moment to reflect on this.Different types of failures can have different causes, consequences and ultimately, different learning potential. DIFFERENT TYPES OF FAILUREA fi rst step towards effective learning inevitably involves understanding sophisticated nuances between different types of failures.This prevents blame oriented behavior, strengthens the learning environment and enhances development of prevention mechanisms to avoid future failures of the same kind.Even though there are hundreds of things which can go wrong, especially in large organizations and systems, Amy Edmondson (professor at Harvard Business School) roughly divided all mistakes into three broad categories: preventable, complexity-related, and intelligent.Preventable mistakesMistakes from this category usually happen due to deviance from rules or procedures, inattention or the lack of ability. They are easily preventable and do usually entail a percentage of individual fault.Realizing you should follow relevant rules and procedures or pay more attention next time is not exactly a spectacular finding. Thus, the learning potential of this type of mistakes is not that all too grand.C omplexity-relatedThis category entails mistakes which occur due to complexity of a system itself.Regardless of the application of  best practices for safety and risk management, small or bigger errors remain inevitable, especially when complicated organizations and procedures are involved, and to think that these could ever be avoided completely would be ridiculous.Intelligent mistakesSo called intelligent mistakes, may even be considered good. These occur when experimentation is necessary and are frequently  condition precedent for successful innovations and progress.As already mentioned, it is crucial to distinguish between several types of mistakes and let me clarify why on a couple of examples:Imagine a case of misinterpretation of a machine manual. You will soon realize this mistake was preventable, you will pay a lot more attention when dealing with this or similar machines in the future and this way, you will probably avoid similar mistakes which would otherwise occur due to recklessness or insufficient diligence.Now, imagine an innovative product placement strategy a company is planning to conduct. This is a risky move which will probably result in many mistakes, especially during test phase.Furthermore, the whole strategy may turn out unsuccessful and result in big losses. Nevertheless, even if they occur, mistakes resulting from this move can be considered “intelligent”.The knowledge we could derive from such an experience could have great significance for the future business strategy and operations of a company.If a current market situation and customer needs must be inspected, there is no better way to do this than to test out different and creative strategies.And successful companies know this!They all try to predict customer behavior, avoid mistakes and hit good figures but they also know that mistakes and losses can and do happen when playing big.Frequently, intelligent experiments, even if unsuccessful, prevent future unintelligent mistakes and losses of a much bigger scale.And although we all understand intelligent failures are preferred, every failure entails knowledge we can utilize in the future.Take a look at a few strategies which can help you unravel learning moments from your failure.STRATEGIES FOR LEARNING FROM FAILURESDetecting and preventing failuresIt is not difficult to detect big, obvious failures but in many cases, those large-scale failures could have been easily prevented by detecting and solving minor mistakes at the root.How do you detect potential failures and ongoing mistakes?You must observe carefully, listen to your intuition and most importantly, you must not be afraid of mistakes.The reason why so many mistakes go unnoticed to turn into massive failures later is because people decide to ignore them until they become too big to ignore. Mistakes are ignored due to fear, because people are not sure how to react and even, due to laziness.Companies tolerate bad management and bad sales numbers, peo ple ignore symptoms of a potential sickness, parents ignore the feeling that something may be wrong with their child…People prefer to wait for a problem to disappear, invest massive energy into ignoring it and miss out on the opportunity to solve it while that option still exists.Unfortunately, this is a frequent mistake we’ve all made at some point of our lives.The trick is to try to control your mind and not ignore your intuition telling you something is wrong.Next time you feel a strange pain in a sensitive body part, try visiting a doctor.When going through your books and seeing numbers do not match, do not postpone dealing with this. Investigate what happened and whether your business may be experiencing a problem even if this thought terrifies you!But let us approach this in a more practical manner…Two instruments which can help you follow and check where you stand are: “to do” lists and checklists.I have a daily, monthly and even separate, private and professional â €œto do” list. Apart from the obvious benefit of these lists keeping me organized, they also serve as constant reminder of tasks I wish to avoid the most.I keep them in a form of notes on my monitor and this method really works for me. Even if I finish all other tasks and manage to avoid the one I dislike, I will ultimately be forced to face it, even if at the very end of the day.To see your “to do” list empty is a great feeling and once you realize all benefits of getting your stuff done properly and on time, you will get addicted to it.Ultimately, you will come to refuse having your obligations and troubles pending, hence, will start dealing with them earlier and in a more efficient manner. This will inevitably include dealing with tasks most challenging to you, hence, will eventually result in discovering many mistakes at a very early stage.As for checklists, I am a huge fan! I have checklists for anything remotely relevant and I write them down everywhere.An example of my personal Travel checklist looks something like this: Accommodation booking, flight booking, train or taxi bookings, things I need to get, PTO request approval, vaccines visa (if necessary), get a guide book, buy things I need, do not forget medications, check and prepare travel documents and whatever I consider necessary etc.I also have professional checklists which can look something like this: Do the pre-read, get some first-hand info from colleagues who had similar cases, deliver a draft version, feedback talk with supervisor A, revise the draft version, submit it, feedback talk with supervisor B etc.These checklists may result from your previous experiences, where you may have missed something or noticed how relevant a particular step is. Only after receiving a very bad feedback on my report and being forced to alter it after a month of hard work, have I realized the importance of regular feedback sessions and started including those on my professional checklists.You will freq uently discover mistakes in your work or modus operandi and this may be upsetting at the moment. Still, do try to utilize knowledge derived from that mistake practically (e.g. update your checklist) and remember that noticing mistake at an early stage may have spared you a much bigger failure in the future.Nevertheless, you will still have failures in your life and there is hardly any instrument or strategy which can help you prevent or minimize those entirely. Therefore, following the identification of a failure, your next step should be…In-depth failure analysisFailures are painful. The experience itself is emotionally-loaded.Following a failure, it is advisable not to conduct any premature actions.Give yourself some time to realize what happened and get a hold of the situation again.However, following that first (shock) phase, you should engage in detecting learning moments from a failure.Try to disregard  negative emotions surrounding that experience and reflect on all relevan t steps you undertook, meaning: Go back to your planning, preparation and execution and try to realize what exactly went wrong!Reevaluate your planningDo not beat yourself up for doing something wrong but go back and revisit all relevant steps in your planning.What was your plan in the first place?What were the exact steps?Did you try to predict all relevant hurdles which may occur and conduct a plan in accordance with those anticipated obstacles?Did you think about alternative strategies?Was there a problem with the plan or was it something else that caused the failure?I always try to have at least two alternative plans for every important move I decide to make.I try to figure out where my plan could potentially fail (or has already failed in the past) and then think of alternatives in case this scenario occurs.Try with putting it down in writing (or even drawing) with the main alternative and all other options presented on paper.This is a great way to visualize your goals and this will surely give you a clearer perspective on what you actually want and how you can get there.Speaking of which, it is crucial to be honest with yourself when planning. If you know you cannot pull through a diet with absolutely no carbs, why are you even trying?Try thinking of a plan better suited for you (e.g. some carbs, more proteins) and be persistent to see it through. And this includes asking for help if you cannot do it alone.In this specific case, if you’ve been struggling with losing weight for a while now, why don’t you consider visiting a nutritionist?This way, you will get a perfect plan conducted just for you, you will get a professional support and finally, you will know you put a lot of money and time into those visits and this will probably add up to your motivation.Do not be afraid to invest into good planning! The more effort you put into it, the better the plan will be and the more motivated you will be to see it through.Reevaluate your preparationDid you pr epare everything necessary for the proper execution of your plan? Did you think all of it through and really invest enough time, money and energy into your preparation?After a failure, people tend to justify themselves and place undue blame on external or situational factors.Common phrases here are: “I did everything in my power” or “There was really nothing else I could do” but these justifications are rarely true.There is always something you could have done differently and the thing you can do immediately is stop excusing yourself.The attempt to try to explain our failures by external, situational factors is known in psychology as fundamental attribution error. Don’t go down this road! Find the actual cause of your failure.Preparation can be crucial and I will try to demonstrate its importance on the basis of a few concrete examples.You applied for a job for which you thought you’d be a great candidate for. You got invited to an interview but despite your conviction e verything went smoothly, didn’t get the job offer.Now, you can say you did everything perfectly, blame the higher power, curl up and despair Or you may decide to profit from this overall unpleasant experience, analyze all relevant steps you undertook and especially focus on your preparation for the job interview.Did you practice? Did you try predicting questions which may come up? Did you practice for case studies they presented you with? And even if you still consider your interview preparation was impeccable, try going back even further.Was your job application, CV, cover letter flawless? Is there really nothing at all you may consider doing differently when applying for a job next time?You will surely reach the conclusion there were more than a few soft spots in your preparation and by improving those spots, you will be able to improve your chances for similar situations and possibly succeed in the future.Another example includes unsuccessful dieting attempts: You conducted a g ood plan and were determined to kick off your diet successfully but again, you snapped a few days later due to being hungry and reached out for the chocolate you still had “hidden” somewhere.Now, we may discuss this back and forth but the main question you should ask yourself is: Why was this chocolate even there? Why didn’t you get rid of it while conducting preparations for your diet? If you did, you’d probably reach out to a banana and still be on a good track…Reevaluate your executionFollowing these two, you should continue and evaluate the very execution of your plan. Execution is the tricky part. Even with perfect planning and preparation, execution may go wrong in so many ways, one can hardly imagine.But let’s focus on things you can predict and those mistakes you can identify looking back. Can you spot some obvious mistakes in the execution of the plan? Did you follow all steps of your plan accordingly? Did you maintain your focus and motivation throughout it all ?One example for a faulty execution of a good plan: How many times have you started a diet, made a great plan, conducted preparation accordingly, just to give up again a couple of days later?In this example, the problem with the execution does not appear to be anything else but the lack of motivation. And there are plenty of strategies one can use to deal with lacking motivation but to do so, one must first realize and own up to the challenge.I find lacking motivation to be a very good example because people tend to perceive motivation as something spiritual, abstract or as something beyond their control.Personally, I am not a fan of such an attitude.You should always bear in mind that mindset and psychological stability can be improved the same way as physical execution. Next time this or some similar situation happens, ask yourself, what usually helps when you lack motivation.Is it a vision board (I make one every year!)? Writing down your wishes and goals on paper? Talking with a friend who always transfers you great energy?Finally, you may also want to ask yourself when and why you tend to eat excessively.Could it be that there is something you wish to compensate by eating too much? Dealing with the cause of your failure may include silly methods, a lot of talking and writing and possibly, rather drastic measures, e.g. seeing professional help.Note that there is always a way to deal with faulty or imperfect execution but one must be committed enough to identify and deal with all weak spots, regardless of how long or complicated this process may be.Focus on variables in your controlFailures tend to leave us feeling defeated and helpless and that is why they are so dangerous.It depends on the stakes, it depends on the effort you undertook and it depends on how much you wanted something but if all those categories hit high, chances are that you will end up feeling miserable and demotivated if you happen to fail.Going back to fundamental attribution error, thi s is a point when we start thinking there was really not much we could have done and that external factors got in the way of our success. And this is the attitude you should not allow yourself to have after a failure!You should never allow yourself to believe your success does not depend on you, hence, that it will never happen.Take a deep breath and reflect on a situation where you failed. Which variables worked against you? Which variables do you consider to be beyond your control? Was there really no way to impact some of them? Going back to that job example…You tried your best, you wrote the best possible application and did great in the interview. Still, you failed to get a job offer and actually, HR specified a concrete reason. One other candidate had a better profile and skills, hence, matched the profile better than you.Many people would consider this to be an external factor over which one has no control over but such thinking would be only partially true. You can’t rea lly hope to be a perfect match for every job opening. There will always be things other people can do better and a category where you won’t come first and that’s a fact. But don’t deceive yourself there are not plenty of things you can do to make yourself a better candidate and improve your chances for the future!You can work harder, study more, take courses, seminars, even enter additional education and obtain another degree. You can work on your networking skills, focus on your client and colleague’s relations and dedicate energy to further develop your personality and people skills.I will give you just one example to clarify how a shift in perspective can affect your perception completely: Has it ever happened to you to look at some of your old works (papers, exams, project, doesn’t matter) and notice how many things you’d improve or simply do different if doing this now? Yet, at that time, you thought that was the best you could do and that no changes whatsoever were required. This happens to me all the timeBut instead of despising my imperfect efforts, I learned to look and cherish them carefully as an evidence of my progress and improvement which will only stop if I let that happen.There is so much one can learn, change and improve and when looking at the world from this perspective, there are hardly any variables completely outside our reach.Significance of encouraging a learning environment  and promotion of experimentsSpeaking of failures and learning from them in the context of corporations and big organizations, this has become quite a hot topic in the past few years. We are talking about encouraging individual but also systematic learning and mistake analysis on an organizational level.Why, how and with what purpose has a person or a team did this or that?What was the trigger?Was there an alternative?How would different people react in the same situation?Every time a business or an organization experiences a failure, there are hundreds of questions which can be asked and just as much useful information which can be derived from this experience.This new paradigm shifts to the idea that mistakes are inevitable and that those who notice, correct, and learn from them before others will be those who succeed.Furthermore, there are also examples of exceptional businesses and organizations which do not only develop expertise in noticing and analyzing failures but go further to create “intelligent” failures with the goal of accelerating learning and development.You may say this is nothing else but experimenting in a real life setting but try looking at it from a different perspective.Would you be ready to experiment in real life, with real numbers, facing poor chances of success with the sole purpose of obtaining potentially useful knowledge? You probably wouldn’t.But it is this liberty to try anything and fail that separates unique and exceptional individuals and organizations from everyone else. And this brings me to my final point… EMBRACING THE LIBERTY “TO FAIL” AND LETTING GO OF THE IDEA OF SUCCESS“Victory is not final, failure is not fatal; it is the courage to continue that counts.”  I am quoting famous words of Winston Churchill, for I think they sum up the message I wish to convey quite nicely.You will have times when you’ll feel like you’re winning at life, everything will be adjusting to accommodate your wishes and needs and your path will be smooth.Unfortunately, there will also be times when you’ll feel like luck abandoned you and like a complete failure. You will feel like you are not enough and as if you are not worthy of the success you desire.This is nothing extra ordinary, most of us experienced such periods at some point of our lives. And in such periods, you’ll need to remind yourself that failure, indeed, is not final and it is not personal.Do not let it get to your self-esteem and make you feel unworthy of the life you want and dreams you pursue.It is ext remely important not to be afraid of failures for you will surely experience them as long as you live. Fearing something inevitable does not help you. It can only leave you handicapped and vulnerable. You cannot hope for the perfect successes in life so the best thing you can do is embrace failures as inevitable steps on your path and try to profit from them.Once you realize failures are inevitable, do also try to embrace the liberty to fail. Do not beat yourself up and worry in advance about the mere possibility of failure. Do not deprive yourself of amazing opportunities and chances just because things may not work out! Yes, you may fail but it would be better if you’d focus on your goals and development rather than the possibility of failure.Also, try letting go of the ideal idea of success!Ever wondered where the famous WD-40 spray got its name from? The name of the product, reflects its history of failures: It took 39 unsuccessful tries for the company to perfect the formula and ultimately, reach a sky high success! So don’t fool yourself thinking one simply succeeds or fails…You work for what you want, you learn, improve and grow. Often, a successful journey consists of many failed attempts which occurred on the way. Does it even matter at the end?Dust yourself up, try harder, fail better, you may even realize you succeeded in the meantime…

Substance Abuse On The Family - 1825 Words

Introduction Substance abuse is an issue that continues to grow in America at an alarming rate. Families are an important factor for the onset of substance abuse as well as the sustainment of the addiction (Gruber Taylor, 2006). The National Institute of Drug Abuse defines substance abuse as â€Å"A chronic disease characterized by drug seeking and use that is compulsive, or difficult to control, despite harmful consequences† (â€Å"Understanding Drug Use and Addiction,† 2016). In order to prevent relapse, success is found in the formation of familial and social relationships (Baharudin et al., 2014). Substance abuse is a major stressor in the family system and it not only impacts the family’s relationships with those outside of the family but†¦show more content†¦Statement of Problem Recent literature has noted the impact drug use has on the family system and the many diverse relationships that occur within the family. However, research surrounding drug use and its impact on sibling relationships is lacking. Sibling relationships are an important dynamic of a family system, therefore it is important to research how drug use impacts these relationships as well. Purpose of The Study The present study wishes to describe the impact that general opiate drug use has on sibling relationships as a qualitative level. While literature surrounding the impact of drug use on the family system is prominent, the present study wishes to bridge the gap in substance abuse literature and family relationships by extending the research to focus solely on sibling relationships. Research Question How does general opiate drug use impact sibling relationships? Literature Review Substance abuse within the U.S. is growing at a fast pace with 100 people dying everyday from drug overdoses, a rate that has almost tripled in numbers in the last 20 years. (â€Å"Addiction Statistics,† 2017). While research is extensive surrounding substance abuse in its most general sense, in recent years research has expanded to the family members of individuals with substance abuse issues and the toll that substance abuse takes on the family (Selbekk, Sagvaag, Fauske, 2015). Literature on this topic notes that alcohol orShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse And The Family2399 Words   |  10 PagesSection 1 Substance abuse, the abuse of drugs or alcohol, is known to have a lasting impact on members of the abuser’s family (Crosson-Tower, 2013). Ultimately there are two ways in which a family can experience the detrimental effects of substance abuse within the family system itself, and those ways are through either substance abuse on the parent’s behalf or substance abuse by the adolescents or children in the family unit (Crosson-Tower, 2013). Substance abuse can have many negative impactsRead MoreFamily and Substance Abuse Paper1230 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: FAMILY AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE PAPER Family and Substance Abuse Paper Launita J. Grand Canyon University March 11, 2013 Family and Substance Abuse Paper When an individual has a disorder with substance abuse and how family is involved, it can be a very uncomfortable situation for both the abuser and family members. When the abuser is an adolescent, the program may need consent from the adolescent before communicating with the parent, whether the communication is over the courseRead MoreFamily Therapy And Substance Abuse1524 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Family therapy is needed in so many aspects whether its trauma, substance, abuse or marital counseling. It doesn’t matter if it’s for adolescents in the family or adults. It’s important that a clinician is knowledgeable about family therapy and the best approaches to assist the family in becoming functional. 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As a recovering addict I know firsthand how my addiction affected my family. Addiction to alcohol or drugs is a disease; it affects everyone in the family, not just the substance abuser. Effects may vary depending on family structure, manifesting differently in individual family members; According to theRead MoreHow Substance Abuse Affect The Family Unit Essay2021 Words   |  9 PagesHow Does Substance Abuse Affect the Family Unit? A Closer Look at What the Implications are and Treatment Options. Rebecca Sullivan Missouri Baptist University How Does Substance Abuse Affect the Family Unit? A Closer Look at What the Implications are and Treatment Options. Introduction Past research has shown that there is a correlation between substance abuse and mental illness. Some clinicians believe that the addiction should be treated first. Other school of thought believesRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Smoking, And How It Affects Family Relationships1463 Words   |  6 Pagesfocus on the issues of addiction; in specific, substance abuse and smoking, and how it affects family relationships. Living with someone who struggles with substance abuse is a very difficult battle amongst many families worldwide. When we were brought into this world, we were not born with a set of values and expectations, but rather, that is something that we learnt over our years of development. Primarily, we spend most of our time with our families, who are the ones that influence our values andRead MoreA Substance Abuse Recovery Home1498 Words   |  6 PagesThe need for a substance abuse recovery home in Starke County, Indiana is a need that is unmistakable in the county based on the hefty number of individuals that suffer from substance abuse and dependency in the county which is clearly displayed by the recent number of crimes that are related to or involve illicit and prescription drugs. In attempt to meet this need and create an opportunity for individuals suffering from substance abuse and dependency to receive local substance abuse treatment inRead MoreSubstance Abuse and the Elderly Essay example1705 Words   |  7 PagesSubstance Abuse and the Elderly Substance abuse in the elderly exists just as in any other population. Many seniors develop substance abuse problems due to circumstances or situations due to the aging process. A report by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment/Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration indicates that 17% of adults age 60 and older are affected by alcohol abuse and abuse of legal drugs. The report also states that a third of those seniors who abuse substances didRead MoreSubstance Abuse Counselors Should Follow The Four Ethical Principles1181 Words   |  5 Pageswhich include: hiring competent substance abuse counselors, effective assessing guidelines, appropriate Evidenced Based Treatment Plans, case management services, programs for Change, family services, and promoting prevention programs. The treatment program being designed will offer a warm and inviting atmosphere that welcomes all clients. Hiring competent substance abuse counselors will be beneficial for designing a successful treatment program. The substance abuse counselors will be unbiased, knowledgeable

Television Start Thinking About Your Favorite Tv Series

Start thinking about your favorite Tv series. You are used to watch it every Saturday at 8.15pm, but sometimes it isn t possible because you’ve already planned something different. Some years ago, it would have been quite annoying, because you didn t have the possibility to watch it another time. But these days, you can search for this certain episode online on Netflix or just watch it next day, because you recorded it with your DVR. Sounds practical, but which impacts does this have on television? Is there a demand for it, when you can watch everything whenever you want anyway, or is it dying step by step? Below, I want to make clear that television isn t dead but still alive today, by defining television, explaining the differences†¦show more content†¦Then, to find out if television is already dead or still alive, it’s necessary to figure out the changes, which television has made during the last decades. In the late 40s, most people watched television in public, because it was too expensive to buy a TV. But then, a few years later, television became something personal and homelike, because it moved into the living rooms of the people (Gerbarg 2009, p.116). These days, television is also watched in homes though, but it became really commercial, too (Turner and Tay 2009, p. 1). There are so many platforms of delivery and chances to have access to television like Online Platforms (e.g. YouTube), Pay-TV and Video-on-Demand (e.g. Netflix) (Kaufmanns, Siegenheim and Sjurts 2008, p. 431). Furthermore, when there were screens everywhere in the 70s, they are now quite smaller and more privatized (Turner and Tay 2009, p. 1) - you can recognize this especially when everybody is staring at their own phones and watching short clips or similar things online. Also the channels have changed, because there were only the common ones in the past like ABC and now you have a channel for each topic, so that it could be hard to decide what to watch. But with introducing remote controls, you already had more control of TV and the different channels and could change them more often anyway. As a

Bollywood and Gender Free Essays

Research Proposal Aim: To study and compare the role of women in some of the women centric Hindi films released between 1980 to 1990 and 2000 and 2010. Objective: To study the issues of gender, caste, development that were perceived in Indian cinema then and now in women centric films. A comparative study about the representation of women in Indian cinema then and now in women centric films. We will write a custom essay sample on Bollywood and Gender or any similar topic only for you Order Now Scope: There are a numerous women centric films that are created in diverse languages around the world. When we focus even on one specific type, we get to know about the culture and thought process of that specific region. Also, a strong statement emerges out of the analysis which is a reflection of the prevailing ideologies in the society. This paper will be mark a statement on the thought process, beliefs of the people especially for the women. These beliefs systems and ideologies will be compared through women centric Bollywood movies that were released between 1980’s to 1990’s and 2000 to 2010. The scope can be extended to many women centric movies made in various languages other than Hindi. One can also include the earliest of the eras for a detailed comparison and in-depth study. Not only a comparison on the issues like gender and caste but also a comparison on other issues like lifestyle, costumes, movie posters etc can be done. Limitations: This paper is limited only to Bollywood films because of the language constraints. Also, only two decades have been chosen since the comparison and study would be possible with a limited number of films to study. Also, from each decade four women centric films are chosen and then studied thoroughly. Followed by is a detailed analysis of the movie based on the issues of Gender, caste, development, ideologies. Research Question: What is the difference in the representation of women portrayed earlier (1980-1990) and that which is shown now (2000-2010)? †¢ What are the factors that have affected the change in the representation of women in Hindi cinema esp. between the 1980- 1990 and 2000-2010? And how is the transition identified? †¢ Was the image of women shown in the movies of 1980-1990 stronger, bolder than tho se shown now (2000-2010)? Introduction: Confirming Aristotle’s view of art as an imitation of life, gender discrimination in the Hindi film industry does indeed reflect the bias that exists in Indian society. The gender ratio in India is heavily skewed in the favor of males (1. 08 male(s)/female) (from CIA’s publication). Thus, Indian moviegoers are presumed to be mostly men—roughly between the age of 15 to 34 years. These moviegoers, according to an all-India survey by a research organization, enjoy mindless comedies. Such thinking dominates cinematic expression in one of the world’s largest centers of film production. The Indian entertainment industry stands at $10 billion today and is expected to grow at 18 percent per annum compounded annually over the next two years (Economic Times). An average Indian spends approximately 4. 6 percent of disposable income on movie watching in theaters. And because issue-based films are not a favorite with the masses, a producer opts for subjects with more appeal so that he or she can recuperate the huge investments involved in film production. Even female filmmakers do not risk funding for their films by focusing on women-centric subjects. At New York’s iView Film Festival held in 2009, which explored gender and sexuality issues, filmmakers and actors on the panel were asked to comment on the presentation of social issues through Indian films. Zoya Akhtar, the filmmaker of  Luck By Chance (2009), and a panel member commented on the female protagonist in her film saying that, â€Å"The character could have been any; the fact that she is a woman is a coincidence. † But because the film ends up centering on the story of a woman, the director struggled for six years to make the film—apparently because numerous male actors turned down the costarring role. She had a difficult time despite her insider status in the industry as the daughter of renowned Indian scriptwriters, Javed Akhtar and the sister of an accomplished film director, actor, producer and singer, Farhan Akhtar. The absence of female centric scripts in main stream Hindi cinema is partially to be blamed because of its commercial viability. Also, commercially super-hit films like Jab We Met(2007) and Paa(2009) are termed as female centric films, but on observing closely, we realize that both the female characters in the end need their male counterpart to overcome their grief or are heavily relied on them to ensure a happy ending to their story. Hindi cinema is divided into ‘trends’ or ‘eras’. Starting from the silent ra in 1920s, Hindi cinema has evolved tremendously in terms of technique, story telling and the stories that were told. The period from late 1940s till 1960s is considered as the ‘Golden era’ of Indian cinema. Bollywood witnessed a new wave in form of content, where earlier movies focused mainly on mythological stories, after independence, their focus shifted on development issues (Do Bigha Zameen- in 1953), gender (Bandini-in 1963), caste di scrimination (Sujata-in 1959), etc. In the early years of Indian cinema, it was Bimal Roy who made a host of films in which his heroines had the lead part to play. Commercial cinema then had female centric scripts and Nutan, Meenakumari, Madhubala and Waheeda Rehman have portrayed some of the most powerful female characters in Hindi cinema and delivered super-hit films. The role played by Zeenat Amaan in the movie (Qurbani-in 1980) was much ahead of its time. It was bold and headstrong unlike of the characters that we seen in the movies of late 90’s. One of the outstabding commercial hits Seeta aur Geeta concentrated more on the heroines rather than the two heroes. Besides such mirrored plots, some movis have focused exclusively on the heroine and woven the script around a central female character. In such films, the woman has no prototype. Jaya Bhaduri’s Guddi was one of the early hits where the innocent girl next door image of a star struck teenager became representative of each school going girl for years to come. In other films like Aandhi, an educated wife changes course midway from a happily married woman to a leading politician. When we compare those films with the films produced during 1990s and later, we can see stark contrast in the way female leads were being portrayed. Not only in their portrayal of the character, but also in the way the content of the movie that was generated. At times or rather most of the times, they were meant to accomplishments to their male counterparts. Shridevi in Lamhe(1991), Madhuri Dixit in Hum Aapke Hain Koun-(1994), Karishma Kapoor in Dil to Paagal Hain-(1997), Fiza-(2000) ,Kajol in Dushman-(1998) and Aishwarya Rai in Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam-(1999), Taal-(1999) and Guzaarish-(2010) were some of the most popular leading ladies during this era. Though they were brilliant performers, they hardly were part of a movie where they were not shown adhered to the wishes of the male lead, society and family. It becomes mandatory to ultimately create an image of an ‘ideal’ girl/woman for the audience (here consumers) because that’s how our society works and secondly it becomes easy for that the idea to sell; hence increase in numbers and popularity. Films like â€Å"Dor† (2006), â€Å"Silsilay† (2005), â€Å"Tehzeeb† (2003), â€Å"Pinjar† (2003), â€Å"Chameli† (2003), â€Å"Satta† (2003), â€Å"Filhaal† (2002), â€Å"Zubeidaa† (2001) â€Å"Lajja† (2001), â€Å"Chandni Bar† (2001) and â€Å"Fiza† (2000) brought the woman into the spotlight – all these films got critical acclaim, but they didn’t turn out to be a commercial hit. Surprisingly, in recent times, No One Killed Jessica was the only ‘women centric film’ that sort of worked at the box office. All said and done, it shows that we lack on ideas. We as audience are treading backward as we choose to accept only a specific image of woman being shown. Hence, I would focus on a comparative study of two different bollywood era. This will not only comment on the techniques and style of film making, but it will also comment on the kind of cinema accepted by the masses then and now. It will clearly showcase the image of a girl or a woman being shown by the film makers and its acceptance by the audience. It will talk about how issues of gender, caste, development were perceived in Indian cinema then and now. Hence, it will become a cultural comparative study of two different decades from Indian history and will help us understand that how the term ‘Indian Culture’ has evolved over a period of time. A Tentative Bibliography: †¢ Criticisicm and Truth by Roland Barthes |   | |Television commercials and rural women as audience in India by Ila Patel | | | | | |Ways of Seeing by John Berger | | | | | |About Looking by John Berger | | | | | |Women and Art contested Territory by ChicagoJudy | | | | | |Bollywood in Posters by Ausaja. S. M. M. | | | | | |A Thinking Eye by Paul Klee | | Reference Links: www. indianetzone. com www. indianlink. com www. altlawforum. org www. expressindia. com www. semionaut. com www. sebsteph. com www. slideshare. net Heta Vyas MAJ 0310 How to cite Bollywood and Gender, Papers

Krispy Kreme Essay Example

Krispy Kreme Essay Krispy Kreme Doughnuts, Inc. FIN Professor XXX XXXX Month xx, xxxx History Krispy Kreme was founded by Vernon Rudolph after he purchased the famous secret recipe of yeast-raised doughnuts in 1937 from a French chef in New Orleans. Rudolph began to sell these doughnuts wholesale to supermarkets. The demand for his doughnuts grew quickly, and by cutting a hole in the wall of the factory to sell directly to customers the concept of Krispy Kreme retail stores was born. The retail concept for Krispy Kreme doughnuts allowed Rudolph to grow his factory stores to 29 shops in 12 states by the late 1950’s. When Rudolph died in 973 Beatrice Foods bought his company and expanded it to more than 100 locations and expanded the menu to include soups and sandwiches. Beatrice tried to reduce costs by changing the appearance of the stores and using cheaper ingredients. This negatively affected the company and Beatrice sold the company to a group of franchise owners. This group of owners was led by Joseph McAleer, who was the first Krispy Kreme franchisee. The leveraged buyout was completed for $24 million in 1982. The new group brought back the original recipe and logo. By 1989 the group was almost debt free and they were beginning to expand. The company CEO, Scott Livengood, took the company public in April of 2000. The share price after the first day was $40. 63. Holes in Doughnut Accounting Practices In May of 2004 Krispy Kreme announced to its investors that they should expect earnings to be 10% lower than predicted. It was at this time that the low-carb diet had taken the U. S by storm, and Krispy Kreme blamed this low-carb diet for their low wholesale and retail sales. We will write a custom essay sample on Krispy Kreme specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Krispy Kreme specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Krispy Kreme specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They also announced the sales of a the Montana Mills bakery chain of 28 bakery cafe’s that had been acquired in January of 2003 for $40 million in stock. Krispy Kreme also announced that the Hot Doughnut and Coffee Shops were falling short of expectations and three of them were closing at a cost of $7 to $8 million. Krispy Kreme (KKD) stock price closed down 30% that day. Shortly after on May 25th, 2004 when the Wall Street Journal published a story about how Krispy Kreme handled is accounting for franchise acquisitions. According to the article Krispy Kreme recorded the interest paid by the franchisee as interest income for immediate profit, except that Krispy Kreme booked the purchase cost of the franchise as an intangible asset and did not amortize it. In the repurchase agreement of the 7 stores in Michigan, they allowed one of the franchises top executives to stay on with the company after the repurchase. This executive left the company shortly after closing the deal, and had to pay him $5 million in severance which Krispy Kreme also rolled into the unamortized-asset category. Krispy Kreme claimed it followed GAAP standards and had done nothing wrong. The final shoe to drop as on July 29th, 2004 when Krispy Kreme announced that the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) had launched an informal investigation related to â€Å"franchise reacquisitions and the company’s previously announced reduction in earning guidance†. Krispy Kreme (KK) shares fell another 15%. The revelations about the companies accounting practices and showing interest as immediate income and not amortizing the repurchased franchises but rather showing them as intangible assets alone could justify the devaluation of their stock price by approx. 45%. Couple their earnings decline and the announcement of store closings and it easily can be justified. Couple that with the fear of the unknown. If Krispy Kreme was treating their interest and reacquired franchises as they were which seems to be blatantly wrong, what else might the SEC find during their investigation? This fear would certainly drive investors away and their share price down. The facts along with its ratings being dropped by 50% of analysts to â€Å"Hold† from â€Å"buy† a few months earlier. Krispy Kreme Deep Fried and Possible Deeper Issues Krispy Kreme grew incredibly quickly in the years leading up to the nvestigation (as shown in the chart below) and then may have tried to meet Wall Street expectations through some questionable practices such as shipping more product or pulling ahead product orders, then allowing the orders to be returned shortly after for credit. â€Å"Testimony by a former sales manager at a Krispy Kreme outlet in Ohio, said a regi onal manager ordered that retail store customers be sent double orders on the last Friday and Saturday of the 2004 fiscal year, explaining that Krispy Kreme wanted to boost the sales for the fiscal year in order to meet Wall Street projections. The witness said the manager explained that the doughnuts would be returned for credit the following week once fiscal 2005 was under way† (Chin, 2005). It seems pretty clear that Krispy Kreme was using questionable methods to inflate profits. Investors also later found out that Scott Livengood (CEO), the former COO John W. Tate, and the former CFO Randy Casstevens, â€Å"unloaded more than 475,000 shares of Krispy Kreme stock for proceeds of $19. 8 Million†, (Chin, 2005) while they were fully aware sales were declining since January of 2003. During this investigation, Scott Livengood, Krispy Kreme’s CEO announced his retirement. It would seem to me that there may be some deeper issues with Krispy Kreme and if I were a shareholder I would want out, or to be certain that Krispy Kreme’s accounting mess was cleaned up. The chart below shows Krispy Kreme’s performance during the years leading up to the investigation. Krispy Kreme Re-made Fresh Today Krispy Kreme’s stock has not fully recovered, (see chart below), but as of the end of 2012 Krispy Kreme seems to have made a comeback. â€Å"Krispy Kreme Doughnuts, Inc. Krispy Kreme) is a retailer and wholesaler of doughnuts complementary beverages and treats and packaged sweets. The Company’s principal business is owning and franchising Krispy Kreme stores, at which a variety of doughnuts, including the Company’s Original Glazed doughnut, are sold and distributed together with complementary products, and where a broad array of coffees a nd other beverages are offered. As of January 29, 2012, there were 234 Krispy Kreme stores operated domestically in 38 states and in the District of Columbia, and there were 460 shops in 20 other countries around the world. Of the 694 total stores, 292 were factory stores and 402 were satellites. The Company operates in four segments: Company Stores, domestic franchise stores, international franchise stores, and the KK Supply Chain† (Krispy Kreme Doughnuts). As of close of business on Friday last week KKD traded at $14. 80, way below its heyday when the stock traded in the $40’s but it is double its all-time low. Krispy Kreme doughnuts (KKD as of March 22, 2013 When compared to its competitors Krispy Kreme’s P/E is 49. 33. This is much higher than the others but its P/S is in the middle. Krispy Kreme’s competitors are listed as Dunkin’ Brands Group, Einstein Noah restaurant Group, and Starbuck Corporation. Below is the direct competitor comparison. Direct Competitor Comparison| | | KKD| DNKN| BAGL| SBUX| Industry| Market Cap:| 989. 57M| 3. 94B| 253. 09M| 42. 99B| 384. 28M| Employees:| N/A| 1,104| 6,912| 160,000| 10. 87K| Qtrly Rev Growth (yoy):| 0. 16| -0. 04| -0. 04| 0. 11| 0. 30| Revenue (ttm): | 435. 84M| 658. 18M| 427. 01M| 13. 66B| 453. 84M| Gross Margin (ttm):| 0. 17| 0. 79| 0. 21| 0. 57| 0. 31| EBITDA (ttm):| 47. 93M| 304. 86M| 48. 46M| 2. 46B| 47. 5M| Operating Margin (ttm): | 0. 09| 0. 38| 0. 07| 0. 14| 0. 07| Net Income (ttm):| 20. 78M| 108. 18M| 12. 74M| 1. 43B| N/A| EPS (ttm):| 0. 30| 0. 93| 0. 74| 1. 86| 0. 78| P/E (ttm):| 49. 33| 39. 95| 20. 01| 30. 87| 29. 99| PEG (5 yr expected):| 1. 02| 1. 58| 0. 98| 1. 43| 1. 50| P/S (ttm):| 2. 24| 5. 96| 0. 59| 3. 13| 1. 04| | | | | Suggestions for a Krisp/Klean Future Making Doughnuts I three things I might suggest if I were the CFO for Krispy Kreme doughnuts would be to insure open communication with investors and insure them that internal auditing systems are in place. I’m sure that investors lost all trust in the previous management because of the questionable practices that were followed. Krispy Kreme needs to rebuild that trust by having open lines of communication with its investors. I would take a serious look at closing unprofitable stores, and research other markets to open more stores. Some areas may still be underperforming while others are booming. Concentrate on the areas that show better potential and take advantage of that market while it is supporting growth. Because their competitors seem to offer expanded menus I would concentrate on healthy choices for the lunchtime crowd. Everyone is aware of Krispy Kreme’s doughnuts, but I’m not so sure their other menu items are well known as an option for lunch/brunch. Other than the morning rush for doughnuts, they could make their stores more profitable with being the †go toâ€Å" spot for lunch also. References Chin, N. (2005). Krispy Kreme Dougnuts: Empty calories or empty profits? Retrieved from http://www. corporateconflicts. com/index-sb-cases-kk. html Krispy kreme doughnuts. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. google. com/finance? client=obq=NYSE:KKD

Ranking the Countries of Asia by Area

Ranking the Countries of Asia by Area Asia is the largest continent in the world with a total area of 17,212,000 square miles (44,579,000 sq km) and a 2017 population estimate of 4,504,000,000 people, which is 60 percent of the worlds population, according to the UNs  World Population Prospects, 2017 Revision. Most of Asia is in the northern and eastern hemispheres  and shares its landmass with Europe; together they  make up Eurasia.  The continent covers about 8.6 percent of the Earths surface and represents about one-third of its land mass. Asia has a varied topography that consists of the worlds highest mountains, the Himalayas, as well as some of the lowest elevations on Earth.Asia is made up of 48 different countries, and as such, it is a diverse mix of people, cultures, and governments. The following is a list of the countries of Asia arranged by land area. All land area figures were obtained from the CIA World Factbook.   Asias Countries, From Largest to Smallest Russia: 6,601,668 square miles (17,098,242 sq km)China:  3,705,407 square miles (9,596,960 sq km)India: 1,269,219 square miles (3,287,263 sq km)Kazakhstan:  1,052,090 square miles (2,724,900  sq km)Saudi Arabia:  830,000 square miles (2,149,690  sq km)Indonesia: 735,358 square miles (1,904,569 sq km)Iran: 636,371 square miles (1,648,195 sq km)Mongolia: 603,908 square miles (1,564,116 sq km)Pakistan:  307,374 square miles (796,095 sq km)Turkey: 302,535 square miles (783,562 sq km)Myanmar (Burma):  262,000 square miles (678,578 sq km)Afghanistan: 251,827 square miles (652,230 sq km)Yemen: 203,849 square miles (527,968 sq km)Thailand:  198,117 square miles (513,120  sq km)Turkmenistan: 188,456 square miles (488,100 sq km)Uzbekistan: 172,742 square miles (447,400 sq km)Iraq:  169,235 square miles (438,317  sq km)Japan:  145,914 square miles (377,915  sq km)Vietnam:  127,881 square miles (331,210 sq km)Malaysia:  127,354 square miles (329,847 sq km)Oman:  1 19,499 square miles (309,500  sq km)Philippines: 115,830 square miles (300,000 sq km) Laos: 91,429 square miles (236,800 sq km)  Kyrgyzstan:  77,202 square miles (199,951 sq km)Syria: 71,498 square miles (185,180 sq km)Cambodia:  69,898 square miles (181,035 sq km)Bangladesh:  57,321 square miles (148,460  sq km)Nepal:  56,827 square miles (147,181 sq km)Tajikistan:  55,637 square miles (144,100  sq km)  North Korea: 46,540 square miles (120,538 sq km)South Korea: 38,502 square miles (99,720 sq km)Jordan:  34,495 square miles (89,342  sq km)Azerbaijan: 33,436 square miles (86,600 sq km)United Arab Emirates:  32,278 square miles (83,600  sq km)Georgia: 26,911 square miles (69,700 sq km)Sri Lanka: 25,332 square miles (65,610 sq km)Bhutan:  14,824 square miles (38,394 sq km)Taiwan: 13,891 square miles (35,980 sq km)Armenia:  11,484 square miles (29,743 sq km)Israel: 8,019 square miles (20,770 sq km)Kuwait:  6,880 square miles (17,818  sq km)Qatar:  4,473 square miles (11,586  sq km)Lebanon: 4,015 square miles (10,400 sq km)Brunei:  2,226 square miles (5,765 sq km)Hong Kong: 428 square miles (1,108 sq km) Bahrain: 293 square miles (760 sq km)Singapore: 277.7 square miles (719.2 sq km)Maldi ves: 115 square miles (298 sq km) Note: The total sum of the areas listed above is lower than the figure mentioned in the introductory paragraph because that figure also includes areas that are territories and not countries.

The Black Civil Rights Movement is Back

The Black Civil Rights Movement is Back It has risen to the surface periodically over the last couple of decades, always in the turbulent wake of racist events and violence. It rose when Rodney King was beaten by police on a Los Angeles street in 1991, and when Abner Louima was brutalized by NYPD officers in 1997. It rose again two years later, when the unarmed Amadou Diallo was shot 19 times by NYPD. Then again in 2004, when, following the great flood, the majority-black city of New Orleans was left to fend for itself as police, the National Guard, and vigilantes murdered citizens at will. It rose when it became apparent in the late aughts that NYPD was systemically racially profiling black and brown boys and men with its Stop-N-Frisk policy. More recently, it rose when George Zimmerman murdered 17 year-old Trayvon Martin in 2012, and then got away with it, and when, within two months in 2013, Jonathan Ferrell and Renisha McBride were shot and killed while seeking help after surviving car accidents. There are countless ot her instances that could be included in this list. The Black Civil Rights Movement has never gone anywhere. Despite the legislative gains and the (limited) social progress that followed its peak in 1964, it has continued to exist in the minds, lives, and politics of many; and, in important national institutions like the NAACP, the ACLU, and in research and activist organizations that work tirelessly to track and call attention to systemic and everyday racism. But a mass movement, it has not been since the late 60s. From 1968 until the present, the Black Civil Rights Movement has been in a cycle of what sociologist and social movements expert Verta Taylor refers to as abeyance. Oxford English Dictionary defines abeyance as a state of temporary disuse or suspension. Taylor developed and popularized the sociological use of the term in the late 1980s in her studies of the US womens movement. In 2013, writing with Alison Dahl Crossley, Taylor described social movement abeyance as  a holding pattern in which a social movement manages to sustain itself and mount a challenge to authorities in a hostile political and cultural environment, thereby providing continuity from one stage of mobilization to another. Taylor and Crossley explain, When a movement declines, it does not necessary disappear. Rather, pockets of movement activity may continue to exist and can serve as starting points of a new cycle of the same or a new movement at a later point in time. Sociologist Kevin C. Winstead used the concept of abeyance as developed by Taylor to describe  the Black Civil Rights Movement from the period of 1968 through 2011 (the time of his studys publication). Citing the work of sociologist Douglas McAdam, Winstead details how the passing of Civil Rights legislation and the assassination of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. left the mainstream Black Civil Rights Movement without a sense of direction, momentum, or clear objectives. Simultaneously, the more radical members of the movement split off into the Black Power movement. This resulted in a fractured movement with disparate camps aligned with distinct organizations, including the NAACP, the SCLC, and Black Power working with different strategies on different goals (also a marker of a movement in abeyance). Winstead uses historical research to show how following the passage of Civil Rights legislation, and the false believe that racism had been vanquished by it, activists against racism were increasingly framed as criminals and deviants by the mainstream press. The racist caricature of the Reverend Al Shaprton as a lunatic and the racist stereotype of the angry black man/woman are common examples of this trend. But now, things have changed. State sanctioned extra-judicial police and vigilante killings of black people, most of them unarmed, are unifying black people and their allies across the US and around the world. The reemergence of the movement has been building for years, but it would seem that the technological developments that enable social media and widespread adoption of it has proved pivotal. Now, people across the nation know when a black person is unjustly killed anywhere in the US, regardless of the size and location of the crime, thanks to the sharing of news stories and the strategic use of hash tags. Since Michael Brown was killed by Officer Darren Wilson in Ferguson, MO on August 9, 2014, protests have surged across the nation, and have only increased in frequency and grown in size as the killing of unarmed black children and adults has continued since Browns death. The hash tags #BlackLivesMatter and #ICantBreathreferencing the police choke-hold murder of Eric Garnerhave become the slogans and rally cries of the movement. These words and their messages now course through US society, plastered on signs held by protesters in the 60,000 strong Millions March held in NYC on December 13, and in the marches featuring tens of thousands more in Washington, D.C.; Chicago; Boston; San Francisco and Oakland, California; and other cities and towns across the US. The Black Civil Rights Movement thrives now in the solidarity forged by frequent die-ins staged nationwide in public spaces and on college campuses, in the workplace protests of members of Congress and black professional athletes, and in the protest songs recently released by John Legend and Lauryn Hill. It thrives in the scholarly activism of teachers at all levels of the education system who have taught from The Ferguson Syllabus, and in the public promotion of research that proves that racism is real, and that it has deadly consequences. The Black Civil Rights Movement is no longer in abeyance. It is back with righteous passion, commitment, and focus. Though I am devastated by the recent events that have called it out of abeyance, I see hope in its very public and widespread return. I say to all members of the Black Civil Rights Movement, and all black people of the US (paraphrasing Kara Brown of Jezebel): I do not feel this pain the way you feel this pain. I do not fear the way you fear. But I too seethe at the vicious scourge of racism, and I pledge to fight it, always, in whatever ways you deem worthy.

Analysis of Oscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gray or The Importance Research Paper

Analysis of Oscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gray or The Importance of Being Earnest - Research Paper Example Web. A modern review of Lady Bracknell includes interviews with women and men who have played the most formidable character in Earnest. I will use this article to show how Earnest has accumulated meaning over time. Gagnier, Regenia. Idylls of the Marketplace: Oscar Wilde and the Victorian Public. Stanford: University Press Stanford, 1986. Print. This book talks about the 'truth' of Earnest, which will add a different angle to my discussion of expectations both internal and external to the play. It also talks about the popular reaction to Wilde's downfall, shortly after the play opened, which will be of use as my paper will examine not only Earnest but also its playwright. Gillespie, Michael Patrick. Oscar Wilde and the Poetics of Ambiguity. Gainesville: University Press Florida, 1996. Print. Gillespie's book talks about Earnest in terms of expectations: contemporary expectations of Wilde, of young men, and of the play genre. This is something I would like to investigate further, and with this book's help I will show how studied triviality and Wilde's reputation interacted with expectation in Earnest. Kohl, Norbert. Oscar Wilde: The Works of a Conformist Rebel. Trans. David Henry Wilson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Print. The chapter on Earnest begins by declaring that before its first opening, audiences expected that Wilde's new play â€Å"would offer the very opposite of what was promised by the stolid-sounding title†. I find this interplay between title, content and expectation very interesting – with Earnest, was Wilde subverting expectations or living up to them? Prewitt Brown, Julia. Cosmopolitan Criticism: Oscar Wilde's Philosophy of Art. Virginia: Virginia University Press, 1997. Print. Prewitt Brown argues that Earnest â€Å"reflects the national myth of the century†, that an orphan can achieve great things in spite of uncertain origins. I will use her examples to ask whether Earnest was at all trivial, or if Wilde' s calculated superficiality is little more than a veneer. Sweet, Matthew. Inventing the Victorians. London: Faber & Faber, 2002. Print. Sweet's book offers a comprehensive new look at the Victorian era, and is very useful for subverting our expectations of Wilde's time. I will use this book to help create the background for my paper, placing us in Wilde's world rather than a modern misconception of Victorian Britain. Taylor, George. Players and Performances in the Victorian Theatre. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1989. Print. In this book George Taylor looks at Victorian drama as a whole, examining how actors felt about their art. I hope to use this as a standard of expectation and seriousness by which to compare Earnest. Expectations of, and Undermined Triviality in, The Importance of Being Earnest The Importance of Being Earnest, Oscar Wilde's last play and penultimate piece of literature before his untimely death in 1900, is pivotal in the life of its playwright because it was first performed in 1895, just a few short months before Wilde was sentenced to two years' hard labor in prison for his homosexual liaisons. The play is part of Wilde's carefully cultivated persona as a dandy, creating a tone of studied triviality which was lapped up by an audience â€Å"engaged in a continuous search for bigger and better thrills†

The Ballad of the White Horse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Ballad of the White Horse - Essay Example These lines were quoted by leading journals which were carrying war news. The Lady appearing before Alfred tells him that there is nothing much to look forward to, if it is only comfort that he is desiring. Things would only get tougher and man has to keep fighting as evil would only return stronger each time to engulf. Earl Ogier of the Stone and Sling, a General in King Gurthrum's army sings these lines in reply to the sentimental songs sung earlier by another Earl Elf, and Prince Harold before him who sang of the pleasures of this earth. He refutes their songs in which they speak about gods and women. Here he says that when all the pleasures are enjoyed , in life there is only Hate left. Having grown old, men like him and King Guthrum know that there is no such thing as true love. Chesterton with his strong faith in Roman Catholicism writes such lines to underline the state of Hell in side the minds of men of no belief. There is only despair and no faith in God to relieve the despair. This is King Gurthrum's song which express the bleakness of his heart. He sings in reply to the songs of Ogier and Elf before him , that, by now men have grown up to realize that there is no comfort of truth in any of the fanciful tales of gods and youth. The cold truth is that even gods die; even the mightiest kingdoms are raced down.

Abortion :: Abortion Pro Choice Argumentative

Abortion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abortion is one of the most controversial topics of all times. It has caused countless deaths and several violent confrontations between the two separate parties of opinion. The fight between pro-life and pro-choice supporters has been long and brutal. This is because, despite what several people may believe, abortion is neither right nor wrong. It is the matter of a personal opinion, where, each side can say with certainty that the other one is wrong.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The question remains, should abortion be legal? Though some may disagree on this point, the fact is that legalized abortion is the only way to protect the lives of women around the world. If you look into American history to see the results of prohibiting abortions to women, you will see that no abortion means more women dead. The violence, which occurs today because of the pro-choice/pro-life conflicts is minimal in comparison to the thousands of hopeless women who turned to illegal abortions--either self-inflicted or preformed by the backroom "professionals"-- which resulted in infection, massive blood loss, and death. It is now since the abortion is legal better for women, because they have a place to go to where abortions can be performed in a clean environment and with minimum risks. The legalization of abortion is the only choice, no matter what side one takes in the debate. Women will try to do what they think is necessary to live as they wish, no matter w hat the risks are. In order to live as she chooses a woman may give up her freedom, her morals, her beliefs, her family, or even her life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abortion has been around for many years in every inhabited corner of the world. It has always been accepted as a mean to prevent the suffering of both the woman and her potential child. Abortion has been practiced widely in every society for many reasons including famine, war, poverty, overpopulation, or simply because a woman felt she was not ready for a child (Whitney 40). No one ever questioned a woman's right to this procedure. After all, who but God had the right to judge what a woman did with her own body? This thought process lasted till the 1800's. During the era of change people began to turn their attention in a new direction, the fetus. They began to protest abortion as cruel, inhumane, and murderous. Filled with a new sense of purpose and the glory of a fresh, righteous cause to uphold this new morality swept the countryside enveloping everyone in its wake.

The Network Operating System For Habibi’s Restaurant

Log-on securities are delicate in protecting the computer network. As a restaurant that uses computers to enhance faster communication in a more efficient and less time consuming way must be aware of certain software updates to ensure the safety of the computer services. Defined in Wikipedia (2007), the system must be using the software NOS or network operating system hence this controls networking, the messages that comes like traffic and queues when many users are using the network. The software does not only aid in the quick access but it also does some administrative functions and has an especial function when it comes to security. Compared to the available softwares like OS's or Windows XP, NOS run to enhance the optimum network performance and the software is commonly used in local area networks or to a wide area networks but is also applicable to a broader array of networks. NOS are based in the 5 layers of OSI reference model. The restaurant could use the latest available NOS like Novell Netware, Windows NT and 2000, Sun Solaris and IBM OS/2 to achieve the best performance in the administrative level. Many important programs are protected by NOS like it could provide back-up for processors, protocols, automatic hardware detection and support multi-processing, security measures like authentication, authorization, logon restrictions and access control. Other featured programs are the name and directories, back-up and replication services, internetworking or routing and WAN ports. With the use of these remote access systems the administration could log on and log off efficiently. The NOS also aids in auditing, graphic interfaces, clustering, tolerance to fault and high availability system. In using the Windows Server 2003 the Active Directory compatibility could be enhanced. There is also better deployment support when it comes to the transition like for example from Windows NT 4.0 to Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP Professional. The security services are answered by changes in the IIS web server. It is rewritten for the enhancement of security. While the Distributed File System have many functions including the maintenance of multiple hosting of DFS single server , terminal server , active directory , print server , and other programs or services. There are new versions of Windows Server that can be used via the Remote Desktop Protocol for terminal services. This program can have a multiple functions as well as in remote graphical logins for fast performances from the distant server. The IIS as it is used in Windows Server 2003 increases the default security system because of the built in firewall that can break defaults.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In March 2005 new improvements and updates were incorporated to Windows Server 2003 like the Windows XP containing users like Service Pack 2. The following programs are the updates for Windows Server 2003. (1) There are Security Configuration Wizard that can enhance the administrator's research in making changes and security policies. (2) Another program is Hot Patching that allows DLL, the driver and non-kernel patches for a non reboot function. (3) The IIS 6.0 Metabase Auditing is responsible in tracking or editing of metabases. (4) The Windows XP Service Pack 2 could be effectively converted to Windows Server 2003 by using the Windows Firewall system. With package like the Security Configuration Wizard that can be used by the administrators for more manageable incoming open ports and hence it can be detected automatically because the default roles could be selected. (5) For the support of IPv6, Wireless Provisioning Services is used. This also builds new defenses against SYN flood TCP assault. (6) Default modes can be turn on when a Service Pack 1 server is booted after its installation, and is made possible by Post-Setup Security Updates , hence it configures the firewall to barricade all incoming connections, and able in directing the user for updates installation. (7) Buffering could be prevented if (DEP) or Data Execution Prevention has to be used. The No Execute (NX) does not allow overflow especially in cases that there is an attack by Windows Server vectors. The Windows Server 2003 R2 is the newest update with installable features for Windows Server 2003 that includes SP1. The software has many systems of function like (1) Branch Office Server that is very capable in centralization of tools in the administrator like the files and printers, enhancement of Distributed File System (DFS), the WAN data replication responsible for Remote Differential Compression. (2) The Identity and Access Management for Extranet Single Sign-On and identity federation, centralization of administration in extranet application access, automated disabling of extranet access in consideration to the Active Directory account information, the user access logging and cross-platform web Single Sign-On and or password synchronization with the use of Network Information Service (NIS). (3) Storage Management for the File Server Resource Manager that can have a storage utilization reporting function, enhancement of quota management, the file screening limits files types are allowed and the storage Manager for Storage Area Networks (SAN) for the function of storage array configuration. (4) The Server Virtualization serves in the 4 virtual instances. (5) The SDK for UNIX utilities that gives a full Unix development environment examples are Base Utilities, SVR-5 Utilities, Base SDK, GNU SDK, GNU Utilities, Perl 5, Visual Studio Debugger Add-in. The Windows Server 2003 contains Datacenter edition which allows an 8-node clustering that could help lessen fault tolerance. By means of clustering, the fault tolerance of server installations is boosted and is accessible. The clustering also supports the file storage that is connected to Storage Area Network (SAN). This could run in Windows and also to non-Windows Operating systems as it can be connected to other computers. To block data's or redundancy and to achieve fault tolerance, the Windows Storage Server 2003 uses the RAID arrrays for these functions. A Storage Area Network is available in Windows Storage Server 2003 where the data's are transferred then stored in bigger chunks and not by files. Therefore the data's transferred are more granular, because of that there is a higher performance in database and transaction processing, while it permits NAS devices to get connected in SAN. The Windows Storage Server 2003 R2 has a Single Instance Storage (SIS) contained in the file server to optimize high perfromance. The (SIS) can transfer or scan files in volumes moving it to the common SIS store, thereby reducing the storage bulk by 70%. As stated by Couch (2004) installation of data protection systems like the uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), redundant array of independent disks (RAID), and tape backup systems that are provided by Windows Home Server will aid in the maintenance of the network. References Wikipedia, 2007. Windows Server 2003. Retrieved on May 10, 2007. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2003_R2 Wikipedia, 2007. Network operating system. Retrieved on May 10, 2007. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_operating_system  Ã‚   Couch, A. 2004. Network Design System Administration. Retrieved on May 11, 2007.http://www.cs.tufts.edu/comp/150NET/notes/intro.php1

Work-life Balance in HRM - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2936 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Assignment 1 Work-life Balance in HRM Submitted for MSc Word Count: 2,500 words November 2014 Name: Student number: Table of ContentsPage No Introduction 3 Change in Nature of Work 4 Lean Enterprise 4 Adoption of Lean Thinking 4 Work Life Balance (WLB) 5 Initiatives for WLB 6 Key Features of WLB across Cultures 7 Methodology 8 Conclusion 8 Recommendations 9 References 10 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Work-life Balance in HRM" essay for you Create order Introduction Globalisation makes the trading environment quite demanding for the businesses operating in it. New strategies are required by businesses in order to be successful and to compete with competitors, when a company is pursuing through this pattern then there could be some challenges like cost reduction, productivity enhancement, attaining customer needs, profit maximisation and retaining committed work force (Boone and Van Den Bosch, 1997). Human resource management (HRM) can play a decisive role for enhancing performance of an organisation and meeting challenges; it is facing in day to day operations (Harzing and Pinnington, 2011). In addition to this HRM is also vital for a business because it helps in developing skills of work force as well as their knowledge base. HRM is required to adopt a strategy for attaining objective pose by the organisation where the adoption of certain strategy could be difficult because the cultural background of work force is usually variant and certain HRM strategy could be ineffective when managing variant cultural related people (Harzing and Pinnington, 2011). It has been mentioned in a research that western management style could be ineffective when it comes to managing an eastern based business (Nigam; Su, 2011). The area of managing human in an organisation becomes even more critical when work life balance has to be maintained by the organisation. Different types of responses are recorded by employees from different countries. Economy of a country plays an integral role in regards to work life balance (WLB), employees from developed economy are required to work more harder than to employees from developing economy (Milhouse et al., 2001). WLB is fulfilling responsibility of people where individual could respond differently so that all parties can be benefited (Milhouse et al., 2001). The role of an organisation in WLB has been highlighted by Chandra (2012), he reiterated that HR policies based on flexibility and choice can solve WLB issues. The issue of WLB comes when personal life conflicts with the demand of work for an individual. It is personal choice of an individual to give preference to the personal life or the work life depends on the goals of an individual (Milhouse et al., 2001). In this essay influence of HRM has been considered in relation of WLB in cross culture perspective. Different human resource management styles for cross culture are mentioned which is further extended with a critical analysis on WLB from the perspective of both employers and employees in western and non western economies. Conclusion has been drawn on the basis of entire research which is followed by the recommendations in order to improve the working environment for employees. Change in Nature of Work There are quite a few factors that contribute to the changing nature of work but mainly two drivers are being mentioned by organisational theorists (Liker, 2003). There has been a constant pressure these days on organisations to be more competitive (agile) and in addition to this organisations are also required to be customer focused (lean enterprise) (Mohrman and Cohen, 1995). Being competitive these days refer to the ability of an organisation to accommodate the changes in the business. Organisations are also required to provide those services as well as products that are mainly complimented or appreciated by its customers (Zuboff and Maxmin, 2002). Lean Enterprise Lean enterprise is a product of recent past when it has been focused by Toyota while manufacturing its products to include those features in its products that are highly regarded by customers (Liker, 2003). The concept got immense success by the business world and led to significant changes in the businesses across the globe. The concept of lean enterprise is mainly associated to manufacturing or product development businesses (Liker, 2003). If a business is intended to be lean enterprise then it has to be motivated by certain principles of lean enterprise (Womack et al., 1990). The product is required to have some certain value from the customer perspective. It is required to identify those activities that could be valuable for customers. Organisation has to remove all non value adding activities from its process. Waste and inefficiency is required to be removed from the functions. Lean enterprise makes the organisations to respond to the need of markets rapidly after the reduction in cycle time, customizing its operations and by supporting the need of constant change and innovation in the organisations (Kling and Zmuidzinas, 1994). Adoption of Lean Thinking Adopting the concept of lean enterprise is not something that can be done without any change as organisational structure is required to be altered and in addition to that internal activities are required to be customised as well as efficiency level is required to be enhanced. The aspect of waste remove from the functions is not something that can be done without going through any change because waste is becoming part of the function when a slack exists in the processes and removal of that slack means altering the way function is conducted by the business (Mohrman et al., 1998). The required changes in the organisation are getting supported by the advancement in the information technology and development in the means of communication. In order to adopt lean thinking an organisation is required to go through following changes (Zuboff and Maxmin, 2002): Hierarchy is required to maintain discipline in an organisation but the same hierarchy can be cumbersome if there are over excessive level of hierarchy in an organisation because it is not as responsive as an organisation could be without having too many levels of hierarchies. In lean enterprise hierarchy is required to be replaced by cross unit organisational groups. Strict boundaries in organisation on the level of departments as well on the level of job categories are required to be blurred so that different parts of the organisation can come closer and thus knowledge can be shared. The entire organisation is required to work as a team so that rapid decisions can be made and inefficiencies can be removed and thus work processes can be improved. Workers are required to be followed by organisational goals rather than rule and regulations. The process of change in an organisation is required to be continuous where the reflection on past could help devising for the future. Work Life Balance (WLB) Before the mid 90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s the aspect of WLB on organisational level rarely discussed, recently it has received quite a lot of attention by the corporate world (Glynn, 1999). Following this attention to WLB the organisations has gone through quite a lot of changes both inside as well as in the wider society. It doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t mean that change has to be introduced when a new aspect introduced in an organisation rather than change has been regarded as constant in a business to be successful (Glynn, 2000). Change put pressure on the work force as the resultant effects of the change are required to be managed by the work force where work load can be increased or new skills are required to be developed by the work force (CIPD, 1999). The pressure on work force can make them a bit insecure towards the organisation. Change could result in confusion of the work force as they might feel that they have to go through constant pressure of proving their worth to the organisa tion (Worrall and Cooper, 2001). In addition to this there is not much freedom for an employee to choose which employees they want to work for these days. The entire development in the working environment leads to a situation where the work force is required to be working for longer hours and they are also aiming for a better balance between work and life (Glynn, 1999). It also leads to a problem where a small portion of talented work force could leave those organisations that are demanding for more work in return of less benefits and preference is normally given to that work place where importance of also given to the life outside the work. The problem of work life balance intensifies with societal change where now women are also a main part of organisation which means that they are working along men thus the family life suffer more in result of it (Worrall and Cooper, 2001). These days to some extent the grounds on which an organisation can be regarded as a better working place are about its ability to accommodate the individual life outside the work as well as the life in the organisation. In the light of entire discussion it has been concluded that WLB is about recognition of a need that an individual is required to maintain a balance between demand from his work and from the rest of his life. The need of work life balance makes an employer to go for those policies that could aid the work force for maintaining balance between the work and personal life (MacBride-King, 1999). This is the reason that WLB is a joint responsibility of both employees and employers. In regards to an employer addressing WLB is quite complicated as balance for one individual might not be applicable to another individual (Glynn et al., 2001). It means employer to adopt those policies in regards to WLB that could benefit most of the work force. Initiatives for WLB Initiatives in regards to WLB can be the range of work arrangements, both formal and informal, that exceed the statutory minimum and which assist employees to combine employment with their caring responsibilities and personal life outside work (Allen, 2001; p. 415). If this concept is applied in the organisation then employees can achieve a balance between their personal interest and their work even regardless of the responsibilities they have outside the work. Some of the initiatives for WLB could be (Perlow, 1995): Career breaks: Some employers are giving career breaks to its employees like educational leaves, maternity leaves, bereavement leave and parental leaves. Part time hours: If an employ is unable to work full time then some part time working hours could solve the WLB problems for employees. Flexi-time: This arrangement can help employees to arrange their personal life with the work life. Job sharing: When an employee is unable to perform the duties of full time then two employees can be assigned to the tasks which are supposed to be done by a single employee. Childcare Support: Child care centre is quite useful for working parents so they can get rid of the tension they might have due to their kids. Key Features of WLB across Countries The aspect of cost cutting made organisations in all economies to divert the load on the work force. There had been a survey conducted in UK with a name of Roffey Park Management Agenda. The outcome of the report highlighted that half of the people in UK believe that their respective organisations are demanding excessively from them (Holbeche and McCartney, 2002). The result of this load is more hours from the work force. Another survey conducted Ceridian Performance Partners (2000), In this survey 40% of respondents mentioned that they feel over stressed due to the work load they are having. There is another reason of this stress, CIPD (1999) reiterated that disorganised or mismanagement in the organisation also make the work force to spend more hours doing their work as mistakes are required to be rectified. The possible solution of this problem could be smart work which could decrease the work load and as well as can make the organisation to save its resources. The report of Roffey suggested that 88% of respondents are of the view that they are required to work longer than their committed hours on regular basis (Holbeche and McCartney, 2002). If an employee is supposed to spend more hours in the organisation then these hours make him to sacrifice his or her personal commitment which means the life outside the work could suffer (Clark, 1994). The overall effect of all these changes in the working of an employee can create stress in an individual. The problem of stress or work load is by no mean confined to UK rather than in Japan over work and lack of WLB balance became a source of increase in suicide since 1970 (Maitland, 2000). Home life of employees in the country is severely getting affected. Quality of Working Life Survey (2000)10found that 69% of respondents felt that the excessive hours adversely affected their morale This effect appears to be getting more pronounced, having risen from 56% in 1998. In all it can be said that WLB is not somethin g whose affects are limited to the organisation rather it creates long lasting problems in the society thus organisations are required to focus on this issue for the welfare of an entire society. Methodology Methodology for any research is about strategy for enquiring about the area of research and then moving to data collection so that conclusion can be attained in result of research (Myers, 2009). The primary objective of this research is to analyse the WLB issues in the cross cultural human resource management. The research is descriptive so all of the sources accessed for this research are secondary which means prior researches have been analysed for this research. The research started with the understanding of WLB as a discipline then reasons for the need of WLB has been analysed after which different initiatives has been considered that were taken for the sake of WLB. The last stage of research is about different practical cases of countries so that WLB situation can be analysed in these countries. All the sources considered were in the light of qualitative aspect of research as WLB in itself is more o qualitative issue when managing human resource. In qualitative research, diffe rent knowledge claims, enquiry strategies, and data collection methods and analysis are employed (Creswell, 2003). Conclusion WLB holds importance for both employees and for the employing organisation. Individuals WLB when taken collectively from the total work force perspective then it could result in colossal impact on the performance of the entire organisation. If WLB is being attained by an employee then that employee could be more productive for the organisation being able to enhance engagement in result of it. In current competitive economic environment if an organisation neglects aspect like WLB then it could be difficult for that organisation to come out of recessionary challenges. More efforts are being made in western world for WLB but there is continuous improvement in employees as it affects the outcome of an organisation. Recommendations In order to take initiative for WLB an organisation is required to take long term perspective of WLB and its probable outcomes. WLB is not one size fit all approach which means individual is required to be focused which can be done if there is an adequate appraisal system working in the organisation. Effective work force ensures effectiveness of a business thus in order to increase the effectiveness of business it is quite significant to take measures like WLB for the welfare of organsiation which can only after realising the importance of worker in the work place. References Allen, T. D. (2001) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Family-supportive work environments: the role of organizational perceptionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 58, pp. 414-35. Boone, P, and Van Den Bosch, A. J. (1997) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Discerning a key characteristic of a European Style of Managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Int. Studies of Mgt. Org., Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 109-127. Ceridian Performance Partners (2000) Howà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Your Life Working, Ceridian Performance Partners. CIPD (1999) Living to Work? CIPD Survey Report, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Clark, S. (1994) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Presentees: New Slaves of the Office who Run in Fearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Sunday Times, October16th. Creswell, J. W. (2003) Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Galinsky, E. and Stein, P. J. (1990) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The impact of human resource policies on employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Jou rnal of Family Issues, Vol. 11, pp 368-83. Glynn, C. (1999) Enabling Balance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" The Importance of Organisational Culture, Roffey Park Institute. Glynn, C. (2000) Work-Life Balance, Career and the Psychological Contract, Roffey Park Institute. Glynn, C. and Holbeche, L. (2001) and Holbeche, L. and McCartney, C. and (2002) The Roffey Park Management Agenda, Roffey Park Institute. Harzing, A. and Pinnington, A. (2011) International Human Resource Management. London: Sage Pub. Kling, R. and Zmuidzinas, M. (1994) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Technology, Ideology, and Social Transformation: The Case of Computerization and Work Organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Review International Sociologist, Vol. 2-3, pp. 28-56. Liker, J. (2003) The Toyota Way by. McGraw-Hill. New York. MacBride-King, J. (1999) The Role of Managers in Employee Satisfaction, The Conference Board of Canada. Maitland, A. (2000) Work-Life Balance, Financial Times Survey, May 8th 2000. Mendenhall, M. and Milhouse, V. et al (2001) Transcultural Realities: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Cross-Cultural Relations. London: Sage Publications. Mohrman, A. S. and Cohen, G. S. (1995) When People Get Out of the Box. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Mohrman, A. S., Gailbraith, A. J. and Lawler, E. E. (1998) Tomorrows Organization. Associates. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Myers, D. G. (2009) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Using new interactive media to enhance the teaching of psychology (and other disciplines) in developing countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Perspectives on Psychological Science, Vol. 4, pp. 99à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"100. Perlow, L. A. (1995) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Putting the work back into work/familyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Group and Organisational Management, Vol. 20, pp 227-39. Perlow, L. (1999) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Time Famine: Toward a Sociology of Work Timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 44, pp. 57-81. Womack, P. J., Jones, T. D. and Roos, D. (1990) The Machin e that Changed the World. Old Tappan, N.J.: Macmillan. Worrall, L. and Cooper, C. L. (2001) The Quality of Working Life 2000 Survey of Managers Changing Experiences, London: Institute of Management. Zuboff, S. and Maxmin, J. (2002) The Support Economy. New York. Penguin Group, Viking Press. Holbeche, L. and McCartney, C. (2002) The Roffey Park Management Agenda, Roffey Park Institute. Page 1 of 11